Palliative Care in Heart Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Palliative Care in Heart Failure - Essay Example Sometimes there is just a slight decrease in the intensity of the ventricle, which causes mellow indications. On the off chance that the intensity of the siphoning activity is extraordinarily decreased, at that point increasingly serious side effects will result. Diastolic brokenness. This implies the left ventricle doesn't top off with blood as much as it should when the heart rests between every heartbeat. This might be because of different elements. For instance, the ventricle may not unwind completely between every heartbeat, or the ventricle might be progressively 'solid' and less effortlessly extended than it ought to be. Cardiovascular breakdown might be the consequence of harm to the heart muscle. The harm is most ordinarily brought about by a respiratory failure, however once in a while it might be brought about by exorbitant liquor utilization or an infection disease. This might be alluded to as 'cardiomyopathy.' Cardiomyopathy is a state of the heart muscle where the reason is frequently not known. (2006c) Cardiovascular breakdown can likewise result from conditions which put an additional remaining burden on the heart. The heart may have adapted to this expanded remaining burden for a long time before cardiovascular breakdown happens. Issues which can cause an expanded remaining task at hand incorporate: (2006c) Cardiovascular breakdown is a typical condition; assessments of predominance run from 2to 10per 1000population, and the rate is increasing as more individuals endure intense coronary occasions 1. The middle endurance for cardiovascular breakdown (16months after first clinic affirmation, unadjusted) is more regrettable than for a considerable lot of the regular malignancies 2. Notwithstanding this poor standpoint, the individuals who bite the dust of the condition in the United Kingdom only sometimes get to master palliative consideration administrations, and obligation regarding their consideration lies with essential consideration, cardiology, geriatrics, or general medication. Palliative medication became out of the hospice development, and disease noble cause despite everything make a significant commitment to the expenses of palliative consideration. This, combined with proficient questions over the knowledge of extension, implies that master care of the withering is for all inte nts and purposes interchangeable with malignant growth care in the United Kingdom 3. Palliative Care Essentially expressed, palliative consideration is backing and solace for people and families living with constant or dangerous sicknesses. (2006f) It can likewise be alluded to as Dynamic all out consideration offered to patients with dynamic malady and their families when it is perceived that the disease is not, at this point reparable, so as to focus on the personal satisfaction and the mitigation of upsetting indications in the structure of a planned help. The focal point of Palliative Care is neither to rush nor delay passing. It gives alleviation from torment and other troubling indications and coordinates the mental and otherworldly parts of care. Besides, it offers an emotionally supportive network to support family members and companions adapt during the patient's ailment and loss (2006h). Palliative consideration centers around: Assuaging torment and other awkward manifestations Helping families and companions engaged with providing care Getting ready for constant consideration and confronting the finish of life for patients with Cancer, ceaseless lung ailment, coronary illness and cardiovascular breakdown. (2006f) Cardiovascular breakdown regarding Palliative Care A few

Epistemology of Naive Realism and Representative Theory of Perception

Question: Examine about theEpistemology of Naive Realism and Representative Theory of Perception. Answer: Presentation Observation is the manner in which we perceive and decipher tangible data and how we react to that data in order to have the option to communicate with the earth. All observations include flags in the sensory system that later outcome from incitement of physical or concoction of the tangible organs. Recognition isn't the reflexive receipt of these signs, however it is shaped by learning, memory, expectation and focus (Thursfold, 2000). The exact information depends on how one sees, hears, contact and taste the encompassing. The distinction that is drawn between observations that include idea and the discernment that doesn't and particular epistemic relations are between our perceptual convictions and perceptual information. The specific hypotheses to be tended to in the paper are the hypothesis of Nave authenticity and agent hypothesis of recognition. Examination of the two speculations will be appeared; nonetheless, the hypothesis of Nave Realism stays to be the most better than the delegate hypothesis of recognition. Examination With regards to immediate and aberrant observation, Nave Realism considers recognition to be a procedure of a solitary state as being immediate and prompt while Representative hypothesis considers discernment to be a multistage with procedures of meditational winning among incitement and percept and its discernment isn't immediate. On depending on data that is put away, Nave Realism sees no capacity for memory and associated wonders in discernment. Then again, Representative hypothesis, there is a job for memory and encounters of the past assume a noteworthy job in observation. Furthermore, with regards to process versus incitement, Nave Realism exceeds expectations at the incitement assessment of the spectator while Representative exceeds expectations at inspects the procedures and instrument fundamental the observation. Moreover, On the Object of mindfulness, Nave Realism offers a moment response on the topic of mindfulness and that it is nothing however physical existing that exists exclusively of the consciousness of it. Then again, delegate hypothesis shows that questions that are physical are not indistinguishable with objects that are prompt, rather they are very not the same as, and can exist autonomously of these items that are quick. Nave Realism This authenticity is likewise called direct authenticity or nave since it keeps up itself that recognitions by giving us undeviating information on the outer world in spite of the intervened information on something different like an interior delegate, for example, sense-datum (Audi, 2010). It acknowledges that all sort procedures of physiological get include in our coming to see the outside world. These techniques empower one to know about the outer world legitimately, and it doesn't deny that it delivers a middle person that permits one to know about the world in a roundabout way. Putnam (1968, 1975) questions in the condition of mental can have incredible, differing acknowledge of physical or natural in different sorts and structures. For example, the two people and mollusks do experience torment, however that torment is parleyed by a specific neural instrument in this way no condition of mental can be perceived by any condition of physical or organic (Genone, 2016). On turning the contention the other way, there is little to be said about the neurophysiological that associates our old torment, if at all the torment experienced can possibly be executed in various manners. This obviously exculpates the savant not to stress at all and permits us to treat the remarkable of physiological as two particular areas. Properties of mental or intellectual are particular territories and are to be researched freely in their understandings of physical or organic since he attests that, psychological structures and assets are intentional sorts of more significant level of development than the physiochemical or normal kind (Tarr, 2016). In spite of the fact that properties of mental are perceived and applied in physical properties, he perseveres that they are neither indistinct nor reducible to them. The law of isomorphism advocates that It must be a spatial system of three spatial measurements, since its spatial nature is plainly apparent phenomenological (Popper, 2013) regardless of the spatial view of the neurophysiologic instrument. There are numerous likely anxieties of a spatial delineation, thus the fact of the exceptional experience of spatiality can't itself pick between different spatial acknowledge. By and by, there can be the avoidance of non-spatial portrayals by phenomenology in order to re present the view of spatial nature. This contention gets broadly recognized on account of shading observation in spite of it being seen disputable when in the utilization of spatial discernment. In the experience of shading, it has appeared to encode a three component of shading esteem for example shade, power, and scattering. Despite the fact that one can't without a doubt perceive the system of neurophysiological responsible for programming the experience of shading, it tends to be said with confirmation that the instrument must encode at any rate three components of data of shading (Gram, 2012). Different perceptions of experience of shading in particular phyla and species may well match to a few qualia of experience of shading, and the outrageous side of those encounters in different species may be obscure to us (Pinder, Davids, Renshaw Araujo, 2011). Alternately, analyses of psychophysical in people and creatures have been utilized to determine the components of the experience of shading, and thusly, they have given data about the portrayal of shading in the mind. Along these lines, there is no motivation behind why this contest ought not likewise hold for spatial experience. Delegate Theory of Perception This hypothesis insists that when one sees an article, the moment object of one's mindfulness is a tangible encounter which implies the item. One isn't in a flash or straightforwardly mindful of the article itself. The essential inspiration for the delegate hypothesis of recognition is the contention from figment. Nonetheless, it doesn't dazzle by the way that when one daydreams the moment object of one's awareness is a tactile encounter which means the article, and not simply the item (Massaro, Simpson, 2014). They continue that when one sees an article, the moment object of one's mindfulness is the item, and not only a tactile encounter as of it. So when one appears to see a knife, the immediate object of one's mindfulness is either the blade which one is seeing or a tangible encounter starting at a blade which one is just daydreaming. This Theory of recognition is for the most part associated with the seventeenth century English savant, common researcher, and political dissident John Locke (1632 1704). Locke who was conceived in England and taught at Oxford University guessed that when we enter the world as angels, the brain is a clear piece of paper' (De May 2012). He immovably dismisses the idea that we are naturally introduced to the world with certain contemplations that we get prenatally or before we were conceived. Locke was directed to make a basic qualification between what he called the essential attributes of articles and the auxiliary qualities of items; he indicated that there are two absolutely different sorts of property, coordinating to this uniqueness. One, there are essential characteristics, which items have sovereign of any watcher. The item should be square or awkward, whether or not anyone sees it to be such. The essential characteristics are the shape and weight. Next, there are optional char acteristics, which protests just have since they are affirmed. Characteristics of optional, similar to shading, are foreseen onto encompassing by perceivers (Gomes, 2013). The Apple isn't generally the shade of red, it just appears that approach to me; I plot redness onto the apple in the activity of seeing it. At that point, the optional quality is shading and us able to utilize assortments of auxiliary to imply characteristics of the essential. Accordingly the red indication of the apple, which is a nature of auxiliary that I conspire onto it, means the way that it repeats certain frequencies of light, which is a nature of essential that it has whether or not I am taking a gander at it or not. Many guess that the delegate hypothesis of recognition must be bogus, in such a case that it were valid, at that point we would be stuck behind a shroud of appearances, failing to have direct contact with objects in the outside world. Since one could straightforwardly see questions in the ex ternal world, one could always be unable to watch that the world is as it is by all accounts (Jansen, 2014). Locke's hypothesis is that when we see an outer article, we credit to that object what he called essential and auxiliary characteristics. Our view of that outside item is brought about by what Locke calls forces' in the article which is the exact idea of which was not yet known to cause certain impressions in us. It is these emotional impressions of which we are legitimately mindful. Together they make up our portrayal of the article (Smythies, 2013). A portion of the components inside that portrayal exist just in us, in particular the entirety of our portrayals of optional characteristics, for example, hues and aromas. Different parts in the portrayal do compare to target states of the outside article. They are the article's size, shape, and relative position. About the outer article itself, Locke's answer is that it is a mysterious to some degree' base to which the essential characteristics are joined. Additionally, in which they inhere the different powers in the article whereby it follows up on our sense organs to create the sense impressions of which we are legitimately mindful. As indicated by him, we are as it were caught behind the cover of our observations. The article itself is obscure, a thing I know not what' - in light of the fact that we have no chance to get of finding what it resembles in itself when it is unperceived. To

I Suppose It Was Inevitable That We Have An Office Instagram

I Suppose It Was Inevitable That We Have An Office Instagram Nearly five years ago I added a Facebook share button to the blogs. Its strange to think that was so long ago, and also strange to think that it was once not obvious that people would come to the blogs any other way than navigating to or searching for MITAdmissions.org. Of course, its also strange to think I once had a full head of hair and wasnt exhausted by 10 PM every night. And this too shall pass. TLDR: we on  Instagram now. The account is curated primarily by my colleague Holly, who will be taking and posting many square, filtered photos of MIT. As some of you know, the admissions blogs originally grew out of independent student blogs which Ben collated and eventually centralized under this domain. Nowadays, our bloggers post here, but they also have continued to post elsewhere too, on different platforms. Ive never been that interested in connecting the two, mostly because I wanted to respect some distinction between what bloggers post for us and their personal accounts on other platforms intended for other audiences. However, when we were discussing starting an office Instagram, a few of the bloggers volunteered that they would be happy to let prospective students see their lives through the lens of these other platforms as well. So, as a resource (and a bit of an experiment of interest) heres a list of some places you can find some bloggers: Lydia K: Twitter tumblr Instagram Allan K: Tumblr Ceri R: Twitter tumblr Erick P: Twitter Instagram Michael C: Instagram Rachel D: Personal tumblr Cat tumblr Twitter Anastassia B: tumblr Vincent A: tumblr Again, these are all personal accounts for the bloggers. I dont exercise (and am not interested in exercising) any oversight or editing or guidance or anything over them. The purpose of this list is to just let you know where else they are on the web besides MITAdmissions.org in case you want to read about science and cats and sciencecats somewhere else.

Metamorphosis Analysis - 1142 Words

Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† is about the dehumanization of a man named Gregor, when he wastes his life monotonously repeating the same task every day to support his uncaring family. The lack of purpose in his life is an example of absurdist fiction, a genre of fictional narrative that uses satire and irrationality to explore the human experience of meaninglessness. Furthermore, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† uses aspects of magical realism, such as transformation of common, distortion of time and loss of identity, featured in other magical realism works such as â€Å"Axolotl† and â€Å"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World†. Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† has both absurdist fiction and magical realism traits, therefore, should not only be classified as†¦show more content†¦His dad was an abusive father and businessman, Kafka’s siblings represented Gregor’s sister and his mother was the only who cared and supported him. Satire and the irrationality of life are key aspects of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† and are what makes it absurdist fiction. Kafka utilizes distortion of time, an element of magical realism in â€Å"The Metamorphosis† to show how Gregor is losing touch with humanity, similar to how Julio Cortazar uses it in â€Å"Axolotl†. Distortion of time shows the reader that the way Gregor lives in his world is different from the way we live ours, â€Å"Magical realism...tells its stories from the perspective of people who live in our world and experience a different reality from the one we call objective† (Rogers 1). Time is absent in â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, â€Å"Often he just lay there the long nights without sleeping at all, scrabbling for hours on the leather.† (112) this is significant because it shows how Gregor after turning into an insect, experiences reality differently. Before turning into an insect, Gregor’s only purpose in life was to support his family and did not need to keep track on time. After his transformation, because he could not support his family anym ore, he lost his purpose in life; without being able to use his time to support his family, he could only sit around and rot. Kafka adjusts the flow of time to show the reader the perspective of a man with no purpose. â€Å"Axolotl† is similar in this fashion, being in the magicalShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Metamorphosis1501 Words   |  7 PagesBeveridge, A. (2009). Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 15(6), 459-461. This brief article is written from the psychiatric perspective, pointing out that Kafka has always been of great interest to the psychoanalytic community; this is because his writings have so skillfully depicted alienation, unresolved oedipal issues, and the schizoid personality disorder and The Metamorphosis is no exception to this rule. While this writer tends to think that psychiatrists shouldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Metamorphosis 854 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis can be analyzed in many different ways. One way that could be looked into is why exactly Gregor is turned into an insect. There are many things that he could have changed into, like a monkey or a bird for example. But Kafka makes it obvious that Gregor is a bug although he never says what kind. Bugs can be, more or less, controlled, considered useless, and gross. To call a person a bug means they can bend easily to another’s will and are expendableRead MoreMetamorphosis Analysis1503 Words   |  7 Pagesmost wickedest of men will do the most wickedest of things for the greatest good of everyone.† 20th century novelist, Franz Kafka would agree with such a statement as he strongly despised capitalism and its faults. In his celebrated short story, Metamorphosis, Kafka explores the cruelty and exploitations of capitalism through the eyes of Gregor Samsa. ironically, he also represents capitalism to further illustrate its barbarity. Kafka’s use of ir ony is significant for it leaves the readers confusedRead MoreAnalysis Of Metamorphosis826 Words   |  4 Pages Metamorphosis, written by Franz Kafka, is a novelette detailing the life of a young man named Gregor and his family, which include his sister, Grete, and his parents. Gregor is a traveling salesman who has an overbearing manager and extremely long hours. He is unhappy with his job due to these circumstances and the fact that he is not able to make any friends. One morning Gregor wakes up and is suddenly a beetle instead of a normal human. The life of everyone in the household is flipped upsideRead MoreAnalysis Of The Metamorphosis Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesan attempt to distance oneself from an undesirable event or occurrence. It can also range from an overt set of actions as a person is changed, to willful ignorance, malicious or otherwise, of an individual’s dreams or goals. Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, in which the main character, Gregor Samsa, awakens to find himself changed, contains several obvious examples of this dehumanization. He has become vermin of some kind, no longer even human. Deprived even of basic human form, and transfiguredRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Metamorphosis 1422 Words   |  6 PagesElaina Faerber, Hannah Lindsey, Jake Sims Mrs. De Oro Hon, English 12A Pd 3 19 October 2015 Literary Analysis Essay-Rejection When individuals are rejected by family and society, they tend to feel abandoned and unloved. In Franz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s transformation into a â€Å"monstrous vermin† (Kafka 1) results in him being psychologically and even physically abused by his family. Rejection from his mother, sister, and father leave Gregor feeling unwanted and feeling as if he is a terribleRead MoreMetamorphosis Analysis1761 Words   |  8 PagesFranz Kafkas The Metamorphosis is so strikingly absurd that it has engendered countless essays dissecting every possible rational and irrational aspect of the book. One such essay is entitled Kafkas Obscurity by Ralph Freedman in which he delves down into the pages of The Metamorphosis and ferrets out the esoteric aspects of Kafkas writing. Freedman postulates that Gregor Samsa progresses through several transformations: a transformation of spatial relations, a transformation of time, and aRead MoreThe Metamorphosis Character An alysis1193 Words   |  5 PagesSometimes the people that you love and care for the most are the ones who will send you to your breaking point. Betrayal could quite possibly be the most hurtful action you can take towards someone. Throughout the novella, The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, Gregor goes through a traumatic transformation only to find his family turn their backs on him and send him to his demise. This story can be looked at in a few different ways.(Connect these sentences) One of which is that Gregor literally turnedRead Moreâ€Å"Analysis of Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka938 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Metamorphosis† is an absurd novella written by the careful and self-conscious writer, Franz Kafka and narrated in third person omniscient by an anonymous figure who tells the story of protagonist Gregor Samsa in a neutral tone. The story was published in 1915 and is primarily about the effects of Samsa’s transformation into a large and monstrous bug. Kafk a’s use of irony, symbolism and, major themes make a strong impact. The story takes place in a room of an apartment with no definite historicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Kafka s The Metamorphosis 1166 Words   |  5 Pagesresides in his ability to transform his private torment into universal fables. Much of Kafka s early writing is lost, but 1912 proved to be a breakthrough year for him as he wrote some of his most important stories, including The Judgment, the metamorphosis, and much of his novels. This was also the year when Kafka met Felice Bauer, to whom he was engaged (and disengaged) twice over the next five years in a storm of letters with extremely little physical interaction. His belief in the importance

The Issue of Human Trafficking - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1168 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/22 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Human Trafficking Essay Did you like this example? The first issue I would like to cover is being able to find these females but not the men who are pushing these girls on the streets. Human trafficking is the dirty secret that has been hidden too long in our country. It is in every state of this great country, from large cities to small towns to rural areas. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Issue of Human Trafficking" essay for you Create order Its in our backyard whether we live in the city or the countryside said Nita Belles (Halpin, 2017). Belles informs and explains that trafficking is happening in our backyard. Anyone walking down their street or in a mall can see couples walking together but how do we know when one is being trafficked? Halpin (2017) explains that it is a hard topic to digest especially when the the average age of girls that are being forced into prostitution is thirteen. Being thirteen and being compelled into a sexual relationship with a man who will take advantage of a girls emotional needs seems acceptable to the young female. At the age of thirteen, girls are too young to understand. After these men trick these women into a relationship and manipulate them into selling their bodies, the maturity level to escape from the situation is too much for these young girls to bear. The trauma that these young females are going through needs to stop immediately. Kutcher, you need to use your software and build a team to go out and search for these men. You have done an amazing job at finding a significant amount of females so please do what you can to find these men. These men need to be found because for an example, Angel Campos Tellez, age 27, pushed more than 100 woman along the east coast (Costantini, 2013). I live along the east coast. This could have been someone I know or even me. Angel sold these women for $30 for ever fifteen minutes (Costantini, 2013). Angel and his cohorts would pocket tens of thousands of dollars per year (Costantini, 2013). Angel has been deported twice and only served forty-six months (Costantini, 2013). This is awful. After those months served, Tellez will only go back to doing what he knows best. Another example is a group of three men. Nery Najarro-Rodriguez, 42, Jorge Perez- Hernandez, 37, and Luis Mata, 30, who ran a prostitution ring in Northern California (Costantini, 2013). These three men trafficked undocumented women from Mexico and sold them to twenty clients a day (Costantini, 2013). These men were only sentenced for three years (Costantini, 2013). What happens when these men get out? These men need to be put in prison for life. This is unfair that they are getting out after serving three years of jail time when these women have to deal with what they were put through for the rest of their lives. How are they supposed to trust any one? They will never be able to have the mental capacity to be in any form of relationship ever again. This is a problem that needs to be addressed when there are around 800,000 people that are being trafficked (Costantini, 2013). Is it fair that people in Latin America are making up to $16 billion dollars in business (Costantini, 2013)? This needs to come to an end. The last issue I would like to cover is the 90 day assistance that these women receive. Lets be honest. Do you seriously think 90 days for women who have been pushed and sold on these streets is enough time to get their lives back on track? Women who have been raped and raped again for days, months, and years. These girls need more than 90 days. Coming out of this type of situation is devastating. In some cases, I understand that women can get more than 90 days but they have to go through The United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) and The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). From a journal article called Services Available To Victims of Human Trafficking (2012) gives us an insight of the resources that these girls are given. For 90 days, these women can receive each of the following: Food: food pantries; soup kitchens; supermarkets/ bakeries/ restaurants provide day-old, lightly damaged goods Shelter: faith-based organizations; domestic violence/ womens shelters; runaway and homeless youth shelters; housing for undocumented immigrants; organizations donate money for rent; church members offer temporary housing; state foster care Clothing and Goods: nonprofit thrift stores giveaway clothes; churches, schools, and hospitals operate nothing drives; yards sales for inexpensive clothing and household items; department stores give away old clothes; hotels give away furniture when renovating; organizations will give out gift cards for grocery stores or discounted department stores Medical: community health clinics; homeless clinics; free clinics at universities; health programs from non-governmental organizations (NGO); maternal and child health clinics Legal: aid clinics/ agencies/ foundations; law school clinics: pro bono services; immigrant rights clinics; non profit organizations Job Training Programs: CareerOneStop (https://www.careeronestop.org/) provides a list of contacts for employment Education Services: GED assistance; immigrant community organizations; English as a second language (ESL) classes held at church, schools, libraries, and community colleges Transportation: victims that are in an education program can apply for reduced public transportation fares (subways, bus, or train); car and bike donations Crime Victim Compensation: victims can apply for funds for the above services; relocation for safety reasons Other Assistance: sexual assault clinics; rep crisis centers; fats-based organizations These programs, organizations, and clinics are great for these victims of human trafficking but they can only use these services for so long. I think there should be a place to set these girls until they are comfortable to go back home if they even have a home. Naomis house is a long-term program for women that are eighteen or older. I truly believe that they should be able to stay for as long as they need. I strongly think that we also need to do something for those young females that are under the age of eighteen. A house or organization needs to be put together for these young females. These housing situations should put together therapy groups to help each other get through the trauma that they are experiencing. These girls are weak and need the help. As expressed, human trafficking is something that speaks to me deeply and needs to come to an end. I overall feel that we need to help these girls that are being trafficked to feel a sense of belonging and feel safe. We need to capture these men who are pushing these females so these girls can feel the freedom that they deserve. Please reach out to me to inform me how this can work. References Costantini, C., (2013, June 28). Why did these sex traffickers only get a slap on the wrist? Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/News/time-sex- trafficker-serve-prison/story?id=19520482 Halpin, S. (2017, March 23). Healing victims of human trafficking: a long, slow road to transformation. Retrieved from https://www.christiaitytoday.com/edstetzer/2017/ march/healing-victims-of-human-trafficking-long-road-to-tran.html Services available to victims of human trafficking. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/orr/traffickingservices_0.pdf

Philosophy †Design Argument (with Plan) Free Essays

(b) The world appears designed, so God exists. Discuss. (30 marks) Plan: * DO NOT GO INTO ONE ABOUT GOD’S EXISTENCE!!! * Purpose and design appears to exist in nature * Mathematical formulas in nature * Gases in atmosphere * Evolution * If we were made in the image of god, then why are we such a new species and how come we didn’t exist from the beginning of time * Furthermore, why are we the only known humans on this planet and why if god was the creator has he made it so we are not suited for other planets? Let us assume that it is true to say that there is a clear existence of purpose and design in nature, the question is whether or not the existence of purpose and design implies the existence of God. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy – Design Argument (with Plan) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The design that is apparent in the world can certainly be shown not to be the work of God, or at least God as an omnipotent (he can do anything), omniscient (he knows everything), omnipresent (He is everywhere) being. It seems that everything around us is some small cog in a large piece of clockwork that has been intricately designed for all aspects of the planet to coincide and work with each other. The main strengths of the teleological argument are that the conditions of the world are so perfect for us to live in that it must have been designed. Evidence is everywhere. One can use the William Paley’s watchmaker theory in support. Which states that: if you’re walking along the beach and find a watch you don’t assume it’s there by accident. You know someone must have made it due to how intricate the interior and it showing evidence of design; this is the same with the world. One of the most obvious forms of design is the Fibonacci sequence which appears in nature repeatedly; the mathematical pattern can be seen in snail shells and petals of a plant. It seems like this formula was the template for the production of nature, it surely cannot be coincidence that it appears in so many different aspects? Yet maybe it is man that has just made this theory up and is in fact finding patterns where they do not exist, it does seem likely due to man’s attempt at rationalising everything. Hersh/Davies illustration of mathematizing the world; insert here) This is just like the Parable of the Gardener an idea where two people go on holiday and leave their garden. When they come back one of them thinks the garden has gotten overgrown and has been neglected, whereas the other sees evidence that a gardener must have been tending to it. It is an example of how people can look at the same evidence yet come to different conclusions. The parable of the gardener shows h ow two people can view the same thing but interpret it in completely different ways. This can be seen by contrasting the way a theist views the world and the way an evolutionary scientist views the world. The theist sees evidence of design, whereas the scientist sees evidence of evolution. It has long been demonstrated how natural selection can simulate the appearance of design; in short, you do not require a designer, design can be the result of a process. If we consider products such as an iPhone, we notice that the product has evolved technologically over time. Yet it most certainly had a designer. Therefore, we can see that evolution is not necessarily at odds with creation. It could be the case that the world was designed, by a designer, but has been â€Å"upgrading† through a process of evolution and natural selection ever since. The problem with this view for the theist is that the theist wants to assert that God is omni-omni-omni, and therefore would have got it right first time and would not have created an imperfect world that needs to improve itself through evolution. Yet for the agnostics this is a difficult point to comprehend as there is no proof of a god or designer. Yet as far back as the 13th century Thomas Aquinas argued that articles of faith can’t be scientifically proven and that it’s a mistake to try. It seems that the argument of the existence of god is the creation of man himself. There are some serious discrepancies between the bible and version of events known to all and the empirical evidence. According to biblical sources, man was made in god’s image on the sixth day of creation. Yet science and empirically backed sources make it clear that the existence of the human race is relatively new and was certainly not ‘formed’ at the time of the earth’s creation. The theists can argue that the bible is not meant to be taken literally, but that God still created the world, only not in six days in the way described in the biblical story. Furthermore, if humans are the ‘divine’ race then surely their existence would be found on other planets, which currently there is no evidence of whatsoever. Michael Behe came up with the Irreducible Complexity, an argument designed to counter evolution. He argues that there are things in the world (such as bacterial flagellum and the human eye) that are so complex, they couldn’t have just arisen by chance: they must have been designed for the purpose they fulfil. Yet, the human eye is not, actually, that well designed. It is back to front for one thing! So perhaps arguments such as these are not well supported when the subject in favour is greatly flawed. Perhaps then, the Fibonacci sequence is a mere act of chance that has been evolved through natural selection as the best form of survival. However, this is too vague and does not quite explain how such a complex form of maths just ‘evolved’ repeatedly within nature. Again this is a clear indication of design and must prove that there has been planning within the planet, and on a larger scale within the universe. After all, there are solar systems which survive due to the most fragile balance of gravity, these could easily have not worked and it is of such small chances that it has. Hume often compared the universe to a vegetable, something that grows of its own accord if the environment is right; there have been examples of ‘failed’ planets just as there are sometimes failed crops. This leads onto the delicate mix of gases within earth’s atmosphere that sustain life. If any one of these gases was to change its ratio, the consequences would be catastrophic, causing the likely extinction of life within the planet. Many marvel at the slim chances that our planet is the way it is, yet they seem to forget that there have been periods of millions of years where there has been no such life due to the mix of gases being wrong, or temperatures being too extreme. However, having said this there must be design. Perhaps not in the universe as we know so little about it, but at least within the planet. It is not necessarily true that the designer is perfect, as of course there are flaws yet the sheer detail of every item in nature is so intricate that it makes one question its design and if something had a role in creating it. Conclusion: there was a designer, but that designer was not (an omni-omni-omni) God How to cite Philosophy – Design Argument (with Plan), Essays

English Poetry and of Mice and Men Exam Practice Essay Example For Students

English Poetry and of Mice and Men Exam Practice Essay It also highlights how she doesnt feel like she has a lot to a call her own in life, implying everything she does is not for self. The poem, Overhear in County Sling shows the life a married woman in rural Ireland and the poem has a much calmer mood and slower pace reflecting the quiet she lives. It talks about dreams that the woman once had, and how maybe shes not as happy with her lot in life. l find my face in the glass/l ought to feel Im a happy woman this stands out to me in this poem as I think it provokes very strong emotions and empathy towards the woman, by showing how unhappy and unfulfilled she feels. One of the main differences between these two poems is the pace and mood. Woman Sling is much slower and more relaxed. In Woman Work Angelo uses short lines and a rhyme, to give the poem a quick pass. Reflecting on how busy life may be for the woman. Angelo writes, Ive got the children to tend / the clothes to mend. These lines are quite short, and the pace implies that the woman has to do all the work and has a lot of responsibilities. The use of the word tend also makes looking after the children sound like a very tedious thing and almost chore like, implying that she feels she many other and maybe more important things to be doing. In Overheard in Country Sling the mood is much calmer and the slower pace gives a relaxing mood. Clarke writes, with a field of cows and a yard of hens this line, like the majority in the mom is quite longs and has a slow pace when reading, this may have been done to reflect the womans lifestyle, and the poets use of describing the countryside makes life seem very calm and idyllic, almost as If the woman doesnt have a lot she has to rush for. One the main similarities in the poems is the impression that neither women have much that they feel they can call their own. In Woman Work, Angelo writes, star shine, moon glow/your all that I can call my own this shows that she doesnt feel that she has much she can call here own, implying that all the work she dos is not for herself, but for others. The uses of the words shine and glow to describe nature, implies that natures is possibly the one calm and beautiful thing in here life. In Overheard in Country Sling, Clarke writes, or have my name printed in a book/to see my thoughts on printed page this implies that the woman had bigger dreams than of getting married and I think the use of the phrase my name printed shows that she wanted to have something that belonged to her and that showed everything she thought or did. I also think the fact that she states l married a man from County Raccoons shows that she may feel little belongs to here or has her name on, and hat maybe she feels that shes living a life for here husband and not for her self. Another similarity in the poems is that both women spend their time doing house work and chores. In Woman Work, Angelo lists off everything the she has to do with her day. Angelo writes, the floor to mop/the food to shop this makes her work seem very tedious and mundane and Clarke gives the similar impression about work in Overheard in County Sling, when she writes and polish the luster and brass,/to order and dust the tumbled rooms. She makes does not make work sound very interesting or something that she enjoys. However a subtle difference between the two is that Clarke makes the womans work seem very monotonous or as if she has to force herself to it, whereas in Woman Work, work seem to be very hectic and rushed. Valentine by carol Ann Duffy and -? by w h Aden plan- valentine- its very personal shes writing it to her lover, shown by using I and you- personal pronouns funeral blue- it seems more like hes declaring his feeling, attitude, instead of referring to the dead lover thus effects the mood. Unreal- wants time to end, no future ; love stays with you, nothings the same when it ends Valentine by Carol Ann Duffy is about giving an onion as a gift on valentines day, to represent love, the poet is tired of meaning less clichà © gifts and whats to give something truthful and poetic instead. She talks about every thing that the onion represents and what love entails, and the overall mood is very personal and uplifting, as if she was directly addressing a lover. Funeral blues is about life now that a lover is dead, and how its so difficult to understand how things can go on in life, but the fact that he uses a rhyme lighten the pace and shows that for others life will go on as aroma. This poem seems more like the poet making a statement and has a very powerful, but sad mood as you realize how deviating a lose it is to the poet. One of the main differences between the poems is the tone and mood that they sets. Valentine, is very personal, it implies through the use of the personal pronouns, you and I that its supposed to have a more personal and intimate feel. Duffy shows this when she writes, l give you an onion. /its fierce kiss will stay on your lips,/possessive and faithful, she uses very powerful words such as fierce and possessive which rate a more passionate and powerful mood, giving a reader a string sense of her love for this person. Funeral blues however has a different tone and mood, it seems a lot less intimate ad personal but more like the poet trying to declare their pain to everyone, instead of referring to the lover in a personal way, he uses 3rd person as if hes telling others, not speaking to the dead lover. Aden shows this when he writes he was my north, my south, my east, my west,. This line is very strong and again reflects the sense of declaration that I think sets the mood throughout the poem, and he use of he makes it feels like a statement that everyone should here, which differs to the personal account given by Duffy. Another difference in the poem is the theme. Valentine talks about promise and future, where as in Funeral Blues it seems like the poets cant believe there is a future and that life can still go on. Duffy shows this theme of future in several different ways, one being when she writes Its platinum loops shrink to a wedding- ring, this line implies that she can imagine future with her lover, and the phrase, if you like implies that they can make what they want of life, and that again theres a true. Contrastingly in funeral blues Aden implies that he can no longer see a future know that hes alone, and nothing is worth while, this is show mainly in the final stanza,pour away the ocean, and sweep up the wood. implying that everything seems pointless in life and he can no longer appreciate the beauty in the world. Alice in America EssayHe is shown to care about out Leonie and tries to keep him out of trouble even though he does not actually have any obligation to. This is shown during the first chapter when we see George take a lot of responsibility for Leonie, carrying his things think Id let you carry your own work card and generally looking after him . This factor affected my feelings towards George, especially as during the time it was not normal for one man to care so much for another, especially ranch workers, as shown when slim finds out they travel together, l never seen one guy care so much for another. However George is shown to lose his temper with Leonie on several occasion, an example being in the first chapter when Leonie asks for ketchup, you always want what I anti got, showing how difficult life can be for George traveling with him. This generates some sympathy towards George for me as it again shows how he puts up with Leonie because he loves him, even though he knows how different his life could be if he traveled alone. Georges attitude towards the American affected my feelings towards his character as well, especially as we saw it develop throughout the novel, and there are three main mints that show how he feels towards the American dream. The first being when he is telling the story of their farm to Leonie, he interrupts himself and says l anti got time for no more, I think this shows that sometimes he gets caught up in this story, showing how much he longs for it but that deep downs knows how near impossible it is to achieve. The second point that I think is key to Georges attitude towards the American dream is when candy offers to give them the money. We see how excited George is when he says well do her, this point affected my feelings towards him as t shows how much he wants the dream and gave me a sense of Georges happiness. I think that the main point regarding Georges attitude towards the dream was after candy had shown George Curlers wifes body, its during this scene we see how the dream was always really something for him and Leonie, and if he cant do it worth Leonie it seems he doesnt want to do it at all. All of these points really impacted my feeling towards as it generates a lot of emotions such as Joy and sympathy towards George. How is the relationship between Curler and his wife important to the novel as a whole? Plan- shows that during the time relationships werent always based on love ; loneliness-shows that even though your wit someone you can still be lonely- happiness their relationship is not close, this causes crullers wife to stray to talk to others, talk to Leonie Loneliness is at the heart of the novel, to what extent do you agree with this? Show how Steinbeck presents the theme of friendship in of mice and men? Plan- presents it as rare- ranch workers, time presents it as brief and fragile presents it through candy and dog ; Leonie and George maybe look at slim being v. Understanding and friendly and curly not trusting ewe people. Steinbeck presents the theme of friendship is several different easy throughout the novel.

Perks Of Being A Wallflower Essays - Mental Illness In Fiction

Perks Of Being A Wallflower I really enjoyed reading the book. I liked the way it was written pretty much. Charlie's letters are as intimate as a diary as he shares his day-to-day thoughts and feelings. You can somehow really get to know the narrator - Charlie - and you feel like he is writing all these letters to you. That is very interesting. Yet there are somewhat unrealistic tones, which I noticed some time after reading the book, because my first impression was how incredibly realistic it was. Charlie is only portrayed as the nice, innocent teenager. He does some things wrong, but in the end is near perfect. Even though he is screwed up, your compassion for Charlie is overwhelming, and you seem to forget that the book does not seem that real. Besides, in my opinion some of the letters are too "bookish". However I still think the book is insightful, true and pretty sad. 2. The language was colloquial and very easy to understand. 3. There are lots of impressing parts, but the one I liked most is when Charlie is telling a poem at a Christmas party to all his friends. I loved the poem because it is that sad but, however, true, I think. It is about growing up and how things change when you are not anymore the lovely little child but have become a young adult. In my opinion it is written in a very sad, nevertheless nice way. Later on Charlie finds out the poem was written by a boy just before he killed himself. He feels really sad about this. 4. "The perks of being a wallflower" is the story of what it is like to grow up in high school. Charlie, a 15-year-old freshman, is writing letters who cover his first year in high school to an unknown person. Charlie encounters the same struggles that many kids have to face in high school - how to make friends, family tensions, a first relationship, experimenting with drugs - but he also has to deal with his best friend's recent suicide. With the help of a teacher who recognises his intuition , and his two older friends, the seniors Patrick and Samantha, Charlie begins to be contented with his life. Yet not for a long time - depressed when all his friends prepare for college, Charlie has a catatonic breakdown, which resolves itself neatly and reveals a long-repressed truth about his Aunt Helen. Nevertheless, he makes it back in due time, ready to face his sophomore year and all it may bring. 5. In this book there is not really a climax because Charlie only tells about his life. Though there happen several important things that change his life a lot. One of them is when Charlie's first relationship with Mary-Elizabeth, a good friend of Sam, ends miserably because Charlie remains compulsively honest about the fact that he truly loves Sam and not Mary-Elizabeth. That hurts Mary-Elizabeth very much, and somehow the whole group of his friends more or less does not want to see him for about one month. By the time Charlie realises how he did Mary-Elizabeth wrong and endangered the friendship of Sam and her. He starts to see how much his friends really mean to him and how much he needs them. Charlie remembers the beginning of the year, before he got to know Sam and Patrick, and how lonely he felt then - so lonely that he started writing letters to an unknown person. He finds out what friendship really means. That was very impressing and I really could empathise with Charlie. 6. The ending really took me by surprise. You could see from Charlie's letters that he was emotionally unstable, yet I never thought he would have such a breakdown and have to go to hospital for two months. 7. I think Charlie was in some way like me. I did not dislike anyone of the characters, they were all pretty sympathetic, I think. Charlie: Charlie is the third child in a middle-class family. His older brother plays football at Penn State and his older sister worries a lot about boys. Charlie attends high school, he is a freshman and by no means popular. He is a shy boy, introverted and easily influenced. Patrick and Sam think he is a wallflower. He is also very na?ve and honest, which makes him a lot of problems later on. Charlie is a thinker, but he thinks too much, which sometimes leads to

Euphemisms for Job Loss

Euphemisms for Job Loss Euphemisms for Job Loss Euphemisms for Job Loss By Maeve Maddox The unfortunate occasion of being dismissed from employment can be expressed in numerous ways. Some of the more familiar expressions are: to be made redundant to receive a pink slip to be dismissed to be discharged to be laid off to be let go to lose one’s job to be fired to be got rid of to be booted out to be given the boot to get the sack to be sacked to be given one’s marching orders to get the ax/axe These homely expressions still appear in headlines: Pentagon gives pink slips to thousands of soldiers, including active-duty officers Digital strategy to axe tens of thousands of central government jobs Thousands of Woolworths staff face sack in Christmas week Thousands of Doctors Fired by United Healthcare However, when it comes to carefully worded announcements issued by people doing the firing, today’s reader must exercise advanced skills of textual interpretation. Here are some of the ways firing people is described by public relations officers: realigning the workforce reallocating resources focusing on involuntary attrition rightsizing the company offering unpaid leave with the option to pursue new employment eliminating redundancy smart-sizing the company redeploying workers rewiring for growth eliminating positions rethinking our future adjusting to shifts in demand rebalancing human capital re-engineering simplifying streamlining going in another direction And my personal favorite: decruiting. decruit (verb): to remove people working for an organization from their jobs because they are no longer needed. Clearly modeled on the word recruit, this poor little misshapen invention is already being used without scare quotes: the phenomenon of companies announcing their various intentions to decruit vast numbers of people.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œStanley Bing, Fortune. Teach leaders what they must know to decruit workers when necessary. –from a brochure for a business leader workshop sponsored by Penn State. Let go of the unalterable agents. If you can’t change their work habits, then change their work place. Decruit them. Let them go. –â€Å"Tips to Lead Your Company to Success,† Miami Association of Realtors. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About TalkingBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementArtist vs. Artisan

Consumer Purchasing and the Rehabilitation Industry Coursework

Consumer Purchasing and the Rehabilitation Industry - Coursework Example Studies show that consumers have provided the impetus for economic recovery in many countries, including the US. In the wake of the US economic recession following 9/11, for example, the employment rate declined, wages stagnated, personal incomes struggled, but consumers were spending 10 percent more than the levels before the crunch. What happened was the consumers deferred their household mortgage and non-mortgage payments (housing and car loans, mostly) to pay for their daily consumption (Lilly, S. (2005). This means that come hell or high water, the consumer market is always there to lap up any brands that fulfill their needs. But precisely because the economy is in a strait jacket, producers of consumer goods and services need to navigate a minefield of challenges presented by a market made up of consumers who would only part with their hard-earned money if the brands offered to them have enough pulling power to influence their purchasing decisions. Logically, competition has ti ghtened up not only for the consumer market for goods but also for professional services, such that even the latter sector now calls for a branding strategy. The same thing goes for recruitment activities, which now use the branding approach to bag the most capable talents and personnel. Brand i Brand is the sum total of all that is known, thought, felt and perceived about a company, its product or service. It is the process of making products and companies into brands. The consumers' response to brand revolves around its image, and a strong and positive brand image influences consumers into making the decision to purchase. The marketer's principal goal is to build a relationship with buyers, not only for a single sale but also for the long term. The essence of this relationship consists of a strong bond that may be established between brand and buyer. Marketing concepts traditionally associated with the goods industry has been adopted in the service industry due to pressures exerted by rising prices and increased competition. Like all other industries, the rehabilitation industry has been buffeted by changes in technology and local economies. As in marketing for products, promotional efforts for the service sector now also put quality and customer satisfaction at the front burner. This discursive essay puts forward selected facts and theories about branding, the new challenges in marketing brands to a stingier and pickier consumer market, how bonds are established and maintained between brand and buyer, and how brands dictate the pace and scope of consumer purchasing. The essay also tracks down the journey of branding into the service industry, paying particular attention to the rehabilitation sector, which by necessity has evolved from its purely voluntary configuration into an industry as highly competitive as the market for consumer goods. II. Literature Review Haynes, A., et al. (1999) enthuse at the comprehensive brand presentation (CBP) technique, a formalized approach that aligns the manufacturing and

Training Manuals at Strident Marks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Training Manuals at Strident Marks - Essay Example Through its IPO, the company exposes itself to public scrutiny and speculation. The company's decision to venture into other profitable products further requires a finance department which will ensure that only those lucrative investments are pursued. Thus, the role of its finance department becomes more emphasized. The training module which will be given to members of that functional area should be designed so as to guide the new employees in conducting valuation analysis. It is recommended that the training module be composed of three distinct parts: the role of the financial department in attaining the goals and objectives of Strident Marks; the different valuation techniques and their applications; and including qualitative issues in valuation analysis. This paper believes that in order for the employees to appreciate their jobs, they should be able to place themselves within the organization. It is imperative that the training manual shows especially to the new employees their essential role in the organization. Doing this will further boost the morale of the employees and motivate them to do their jobs. Seeing one's place in the organization will enhance the commitment of employees specially the new ones. The next two parts will be the

Indias Rise in Economics and the Challenges it Faces

Indias Rise in Economics and the Challenges it Faces India is not, by a long way a regional power, let alone a global power. That it is necessary to state this obvious fact is a testament to the power of public indoctrination. There is a huge gap between India and the developed world. According to the World Bank, Indias Gross National Income (GNI) in 2009 was $793 billion, compared to the USs $12.95 trillion. India, with 17 per cent of the worlds population, accounts for less than 1.7 per cent of the worlds income. Thus Indias per capita GNI was $1180, compared to the USs nearly $47,240. Even South Koreas per capita GNI was over $19,880. Indias situation is slightly better in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) but even Indias PPP per capita income is ranked 154th in the world  [1]  . For all the rosy projections of rapid growth by India and other Asian countries by 2020, the USs National Intelligence Council admits that per capita income in most (Asian) countries will not compare to those of Western nations. Human Development The situation is far worse in terms of human development. In the UNs Human Development Index, this claims to be a composite of various factors, such as health, education and income, India ranks 119th among 175 countries. Indias under-five mortality rate per 1,000 live births is 69, that is, one in fourteen children die before the age of five. Its maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births is 230, compared to 38 for China  [2]  . We are constantly told that poverty in India is declining, and a great industry has sprung up of academic treatises to show how fast poverty is declining. However, these treatises have reduced poverty by defining the term so that it no longer relates to whether or not people get their minimum requirements of calories. The official National Sample Survey of 2005 revealed that three-fourths of Indias rural population and half the urban population did not get the minimum recommended calories. This is confirmed by nutritional and health surveys, which reveal the following: more than two-fifths of the adult population suffer from chronic energy deficiency, and a large percentage are at the border of this condition; half Indias women are anaemic; half its children can be clinically defined as malnourished (stunted, wasting, or both). Within India half of our rural population or over 350 million people are below the average food energy intake of SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa) countries.  [3]   Poverty as such is not directly observed: the National Sample Survey (NSS) gathers responses to a questionnaire regarding consumption, and the poverty estimates are then derived (after making various assumptions) from this data. But the same NSS directly observes that employment growth plummeted between the last two surveys (1993-94 and 1999-2000). Now, it is virtually impossible for poverty to have declined if unemployment grew sharply, and the methodology of any study that claims poverty has fallen should be questioned. The sector of the countrys economy has seen breakneck growth in the past decade: the provision of software services and business process outsourcing services to foreign (principally US) firms. However, that sector accounts for 0.25 per cent of the labour force. Where are the rest? Nearly half of Indias total working-age population (15-59 years of age) is unemployed, most of it not even counted as part of the labour force. While agriculture continues to employ the majority of those considered employed, it accounts for less than a quarter of the national income, and that share continues to shrink. No Industrial Transformation National income is conventionally divided into three sectors- agriculture, industry and services. All the countries in the developed world passed from being predominantly agricultural economies to being predominantly industrial economies. It was only after industry had brought these entire economies (including their agriculture) under its sway, commodities became vastly more plentiful than in the past, and the economic surplus grew massively, that these economies could sustain growth in the share of services. Today, industry accounts for the largest share of GDP in the economies of China, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand, as much as 56 per cent in the case of China. In Indias case, however, the share of industry is low just 28.2 per cent in 2009  [4]  . Industry has never been the dominant sector of the Indian economy. Moreover, its share of GDP has not been increasing, but is stagnant or shrinking. And Indian industrys share of employment is just 17.6 per cent. Indeed, in the two commodity-producing sectors agriculture and industry one cannot find any miraculous takeoff in growth during the period of reform. But one should beware of drawing sweeping conclusions on the basis of two or even three years figures. And while the services sector has led growth over the past two decades, so that it now accounts for 54.6 per cent of GDP, much of the services sector (e.g. growth of police and armed forces, the explosion of financial sector and real estate activity) has no tangible benefit for the people at large. It is true that certain Indian firms (or Indian units of foreign firms) have attained world standards in quality of output, and with their lower labour costs may become highly competitive exporters. Glowing press reports of such units convey the sense that the Indian economy has undergone a take-off. However, these firms are generally dependent on imported capital goods and are strongly linked to export markets; they have few linkages to the rest of the Indian economy. They remain islands in the large sea of underdeveloped India. Contrast this with the transformation of the economy that would take place with the rapid development of industries catering to domestic demand for items of mass consumption. That would create demand for raw materials and indigenous capital goods, in the entire process generating huge employment and promoting indigenous technological know-how.  At any rate, India accounts for less than one per cent of world exports. High technology goods constitute ju st five per cent of its exports. Indias rapid increase in oil imports (and Indias high-profile efforts to secure long-term oil and gas supplies from abroad) is being held up as a sign of its rapid economic growth. It actually is a sign of the absence of national planning. Much of the growth in oil consumption is on account of the great boom in private automobiles. This is in turn the result of the failure of public transport, growing income inequalities, and the massive expansion of cheap credit for car purchases. Moreover, rapid growth of oil imports signifies not the growing strength but the growing vulnerability of the Indian economy. Genuine national planning would have ensured instead (i) restraint on consumption (through the expansion of railways for goods and passenger transport, expansion of public transport in cities, and a variety of energy conservation investments), and (ii) a programme of investment to develop and use the countrys oil, gas and plentiful coal resources effectively and economically. A comb ination of such measures could have greatly reduced the countrys dependence on oil imports. Instead, the share of oil in Indias energy is growing, and the share of imports in its total oil consumption is on course to reach 90 per cent or more in some years. In the last few years, large foreign capital inflows and the booming foreign exchange earnings of the IT sector have resulted in the rapid growth of the countrys foreign exchange reserves. As a result, the Government has liberalised foreign investment by Indian firms. Thus a number of Indian firms have been investing abroad, in many cases acquiring foreign firms. This phenomenon has generated considerable excitement in the business press, which point to it as further evidence of Indias new global status: now, they claim, Indian firms too are multinational corporations. Indeed, for two years, 2003-04 and 2004-05, India ran a current account surplus, which means that it was a net capital exporter. However, much as this may be good business sense for the firms which are making them; but in general they run contrary to the requirements of national economic development. India is not a capital-surplus economy, but an underdeveloped, capital-starved one, with large resources lying idle for lack of investment. It makes no economic sense to export capital from such a country. Indian capitalists may earn financial returns from their investments abroad, but such returns will give paltry stimulus to the Indian economy, whereas investment in manufacturing within the country stimulates demand, productive activity and employment in a number of sectors, with far-reaching benefits for the whole economy. India- A Knowledge Economy As part of the propaganda about Indias emerging as a global power, we are told ad nauseam that India is a knowledge economy, an information technology (IT) superpower, and the like. The truth is that adult literacy in India is just 61 per cent; on this score, it ranks 146th out of 177 countries in the UNs Human Development Index   (that is, many countries with much lower per capita income had much higher literacy levels than India for example, much of desperately poor sub-Saharan Africa). In recent years, on the recommendation of the World Bank, the Indian government has focussed its meagre education expenditures increasingly on primary education, largely abandoning secondary and higher education (as if they were a luxury). Yet official data tell us that 42 per cent of children enrolled drop out before completing primary education (I-V). Another 19 per cent, according to official data, drop out  before completing upper primary education (VI-VIII). And according to Cens us data, 43.5 per cent of the children between the ages of five and nine are not in school. More perturbing is the quality of education that is being imparted in government schools. It is so dismal that half the children in Class IV in government schools in Mumbai cannot do the arithmetic calculations required of a Class I student. When put to the test, 18 per cent of students attending Classes II to V in Andhra Pradesh couldnt do single-digit additions while only 12 per cent managed single-digit subtractions. Higher education, which the Government has increasingly abandoned to a rapacious private sector, is out of the reach of all but a small section. At any rate, the infrastructure and staff of many of the new private institutions are appalling, and thus the degrees imparted to a large percentage of graduates may not be worth the paper they are printed on. Research And Development According to the official publication Research and Development Statistics (2004-05, the latest edition), Indias expenditure on R D has been falling as a share of GDP, from 0.87 per cent in 2000 to 0.77 per cent in 2005. Let us look more closely at this R D expenditure. First, the Indian private sector does not account for much of it. According to official figures, eighty per cent of R D expenditure was carried out by the Government. This was largely not for productive purposes, but for military purposes: 32 per cent on direct military research, 21 per cent on space research (much of which actually serves the missile programme) and 12 per cent on atomic energy (much of which actually serves the nuclear weapons programme). Even allowing for some genuine space and atomic energy expenditures, at least half of R D expenditure in India appears to be for military purposes. To be able to project power, we bought Admiral Gorshkov from Russia and named her Vikramaditya. But where is the sh ip? Where is that power on high seas? Our horizon does not even show the outline of a carrier. The Arihant (the lead ship of Indias Arihant class of nuclear-powered submarines) has not been armed as yet, and we do not have an indigenously manufactured fighter/bomber. Nor do we have the Missile regime that makes the military might of a Regional Power credible. The showpieces of defence R D the Main Battle Tank project (started in 1974) and the Light Combat Aircraft project (started in 1983) have yet not been completed, and, after the expenditure of billions of rupees each, the chances of their actually being inducted into the armed forces are dwindling. For example, the air force is now in the international market for a mammoth order of 126 fighter planes, at a cost of over $6 billion. How then can we call ourselves a Regional Power? To absorb foreign technology properly (in such a fashion that one can further develop it), R D expenditures need to be multiples of technology payments. And finally, much of what passes under the name of R D in Indian industry is merely classified so for tax saving purposes, and actually consists of adaptation of products to local conditions, or even merely quality control. By conventional measures of scientific output, Indias performance is dismal. The standard database in this regard is the US-based Science Citation Index (SCI). In 1980, around 40 Indian journals were indexed in the SCI; this figure has fallen to 10, or just 0.3 per cent of all SCI-indexed journals. In 1980, nearly 15,000 scientific papers from India were indexed in the SCI; this figure fell over the next two decades to just over 12,000 (Chinas figure grew from under 1,000 to over 22,000 during the same period). Indias share of the worlds total research papers published in SCI-indexed journals was just 1.79 per cent in 2002. Finally, Indias world ranking in the SCIs citation impact (the number of times a paper is cited by others) has fallen to an abysmal 119 out of 149 countries listed. The IT sector Indias much-vaunted Information Technology (IT) sector is composed of two parts: the software sector, and the IT-enabled sector (ITES). In both cases, work that was earlier done in the developed world, particularly the US, has been outsourced, or contracted out, to locations in India. In the case of the ITES, the activities outsourced include call centres, medical transcription, data entry, ticket-reconciliation, claims processing, credit card administration, and such other routine office work as can be performed at remote locations. While this work requires knowledge of English, it does not require superior education or skills. Indeed, some of it is so mechanical and repetitive that it is in danger of being eliminated: Optical-character-recognition software is automating the work of Indian data-entry workers. Electronic airline tickets are eliminating some of the ticket-reconciliation work airlines carry out in India. Eventually, natural-language speech recognition is likely to automate some of the call-centre work that is currently going to India. Other countries too are entering the same business, particularly those once colonised by an English-speaking country: the call-centre business is booming in the Philippines.   This is obviously not high-technology or knowledge-based work; new information-and-communications technology has merely made it possible to carry out such work at remote locations. The sole reason for outsourcing such work is that wages for it in India are a fraction of those in the developed world (according to Deloitte Research, one-tenth), yielding massive savings to US and UK corporations. The jobs threatened in those countries are primarily ones that already pay low wages because they require low skills; by outsourcing to India, firms are able to drive their costs even lower. The same applies for the software sector. It is true that Indias annual production of IT engineers is larger than that of the US. However, Indian engineers are employed in relatively low-value work: the less-creative software jobs are the ones being moved offshore: bug-fixing, updating antiquated code, and routine programming tasks that require many hands. The software pyramid, shows a structure with a few thousand architects at the top, followed at successive levels of skill and pay by researchers, consultants, project managers, business analysts, and finally basic programmers. The last categories are the foot soldiers in the information economy, who write codes for applications and update and test them. It is a part of this lowest category that has been off shored, much of it to India. Indian software firms manage applications of programmes owned by multinational software giants; but Indian firms produce virtually no copyrighted programmes which are sold to a large number of customers, and earn a continuing stream of revenue. Rather, both the hardware and the software they use are imported. American investments in India, especially in new technology areas, will help American companies to reduce costs and become more competitive globally. Equally, Indias earnings from these investments will lead to increased purchases from the US. The information technology revolution is built primarily on US computer-related technology and hardware. India is thus not a knowledge economy but a low-wage economy, distinguished from other such by its colonial heritage, English. It does not command increased international status by virtue of its economic strength; rather, the publicity about its emergence as a power is an outcome of conscious US policy.

Reflective Assignment on A Simulation for Cardiac Arrest Essay

Simulation-based nursing education has increased and become a more popular approach for clinicians or educators. It provides a real-life situational experience for students to practice skills, applies critical thinking and makes the decision throughout the simulation. This article is a reflection journal after a simulation for cardiac arrest. Reflection learning has been described as a process of critically reviewing experience from practice so that it may be used to inform and change future practice in a positive way (Bulman, 2008). In this simulation-based resuscitation reflection, the effectiveness of using of the Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) framework during communication between allied health care professionals, teamwork during resuscitation and methods of collecting history from patient and patient will be discussed. Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) framework. In this simulation, the nurse communicated with a physician by using traditional way to report patient’s condition via phone. Physician promoted and obtained information. SBAR is a communication model which includes Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. The use of SBAR promotes quality and patient safety by setting shared expectations in terms of what is communicated. SBAR allows for efficient and predictable sharing of information by creating a shared mental model (Shapiro, J. 2017). It has become very popular among healthcare setting, especially between physicians and nurses. It is an effective way of communication for healthcare professionals and allows for transferring of important information. The SBAR framework is considered by nurses and physicians to be an effective method for organizing the handoff report (Stewart, 2016). A study showed improved perceptions of communication in nurse-to-nurse and nurse-to-physician sceneries by using pre/ post-SBAR implementation questionnaires (Blom, Petersson, Hagell, & Westergren, 2015). Hailu, Kassahun, & Kerie (2016) founded that communication failure between nurse and physicians was one of the leading causes of preventable patient injuries, complications, death and medical malpractice claim. Use of SBAR framework has been a method which can overcome this communication problem, Thus, using of SBAR framework has two major implication in future. First, nursing education should include appropriate use of SBAR framework which can be used for effective communication at clinical areas (Stewart, & Hand, 2016). Same education will provide the same perception of SBAR framework and provide better application of this framework. Second, Stewart and Hand (2016) also suggested that SBAR framework should be applied by nurses as a guideline for all handover communication between nurses and physicians, inter/intra department or institutions. Inpatient safety, effective communication during patient handoffs is the nursing priority (The Joint Commission, 2015). TEAMWORK In this simulation, endotracheal intubation was done in different manners. In the first team, all members did endotracheal intubation and stopped chest compression. In second group one person struggled and did an endotracheal intubation. Teamwork was not done in this simulation. As this procedure should need two persons at least. Teamwork and leadership were lacked. Resuscitation is a stressful, time-pressured procedure, and unfortunately if often futile. Care of a patient in the emergency setting is particularly prone to errors and adverse events for a variety of reasons. These include the time-pressured decision making, increased rate of patient interventions, and the fact that teams are â€Å"assembled† by the emergency call that may have never worked together, or even met each other, before. (Walker, 2013). Even though there were a well-known cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) algorithms among health care professionals, the results of CPR were remained poor (Hunziker, Johansson, Tschan, Semmer, Rock, Howell, & Marsch, 2011). Hunziker et al. (2011) indicated some other factors like teamwork and leadership affect the application of CPR algorithm and hence the performance of CPR, besides the technical skills of the resuscitation team members. Research has shown that teamwork and leadership training has been shown to improve subsequent team performance during resuscitation (Hunziker et al., 2011). History taking History was taken from a patient in this simulation. The nurse used OLDCART known as O-Onset, L-Location, D-Duration, C-Characteristics, A- Aggravating factors, R-Relieving factors, T-Treatment to obtain a history of present illness from the patient. Nursing care encompasses knowledge, skill, and competence to enable holistic patient assessment (Office of the Chief Nursing Officer (OCNO) (Ireland), 2016). Professional nursing care involves capturing, analyzing and interpreting patient information (OCNO, 2016), initially through the patient’s health history. Obtaining a detailed clinical history is a core competency of many advanced nursing roles (National Council for the Professional Development of Nursing and Midwifery (NCNM) (Ireland), 2008; Tagney and Younker, 2012; Apau, 2010; Quigley and Martin, 2013), in combination with the advanced physical assessment. Taking a comprehensive health history is a core competency of the advanced nursing role. The purpose of the health history is to source important and intimate knowledge about the patient, their lifestyle, social supports, medical history and health concerns, with the history of presenting illness as the focus and allow the nurse and patient to establish a therapeutic relationship ( Ingram, 2017). At the beginning of history taking, the nurse had established a therapeutic relationship with the patient. During assessing of chest pain, pain score was used to evaluate the severity of pain. This provided a common language between nurses and physicians. CONCLUSION Errors in communication continue to be a contributing factor in adverse patient events in healthcare systems (The Joint Commission, 2015). The systemic nature of the problem of miscommunication between healthcare providers supports the need for a standardized communication method. The SBAR tool is a simple, effective method for communication that operates across disciplines and is well- received by healthcare professionals (Blom et al., 2015; Nagammal et al., 2017). Use of the SBAR tool thus should be implemented systematically to improve healthcare communication and create a safer patient care environment. A study had shown that communication was still affected due to structure absence, loss of information and low adherence after implementation (Ludikhuize, de Jonge, & Goossens, 2011). As part of professional obligation and for a better outcome of patients, nurses and physician should discuss their communication level while giving care to the patient, communicate openly, in mutual professional respect, and share patient’s information. Moreover, these professional needs play a vital role in creating smooth and a well-defined communication channel (Hailu, Kassahun, & Kerie, 2016). Teamwork is an essential non-technical skill in the perioperative environment. Along with other key factors, it plays a vital role in safe and effective practice and should be fostered and encouraged through appropriate training and education. The model of teamwork training best suited to the perioperative environment is less clear. Great care must be taken to ensure that any model used offers the maximum benefit to patients and staff in terms of perioperative safety. Superimposing popular management techniques and training models from other sectors onto this inter-disciplinary, time and safety critical environment may not achieve the desired outcomes or represent the good use of limited resources. Recommendations It is clear that more research is required into what is the best model of teamwork training for the perioperative environment. While there have been some controlled studies, a methodology for robust RCTs must be developed in order to bridge the existing knowledge gaps around the clinical effects of teamwork training. Similarly, longer-term effects and the level of need for ongoing training and mentorship must be established. The key recommendation, however, relates to inter-disciplinary team training at the pre-clinical stage. The evidence set out in this paper suggests that inter-disciplinary training in simulation offers a range of benefits to perioperative staff, particularly in the areas of communication, cooperation, and team building. Similarly, interdisciplinary learning in healthcare education appears to promote collaborative working and greater understanding of professional roles. In the experience of the author, however, medical students do not take part in the simulated perioperative exercises which are a key aspect of the training and education of operating department practitioners. The integration of medical students at this level is something which is highlighted in the literature as potentially important in breaking down stereotypes and challenging the establishment of the medical hierarchy. Introducing interdisciplinary training which includes medical students, nursing students, ODP stude nts and allied healthcare students working together in simulated scenarios, could help to demystify aspects of the perioperative environment and to address barriers to teamwork and communication before they become established. Further research is required to explore the optimum form and duration of this approach to learning and to establish what if any, effects this has on the future clinical practice of participants. In this respect, the student environment would serve as an excellent testing ground. Roche, F. (2016) We propose that further studies on the effects of team interactions on the performance of complex medical emergency interventions such as resuscitation are needed. Future efforts to better understand the influence of team factors (e.g., team member status, team hierarchy, handling of human errors), individual factors (e.g., sex differences, perceived stress), and external factors (e.g., equipment, algorithms, institutional characteristics) on team performance in resuscitation situations are critical to improve CPR performance and medical outcomes of patients. (Hunziker et al., 2011).

Schema Theory

A schema describes an organized pattern of thought or behavior. Scripts are schemas which provide information about a sequence of events. Self-schemas organize information we have about ourselves, such as our strengths and weaknesses. The last is the social schema, which represents information about groups of people, and this is how stereotypes are also developed. Bartlett (1932) wanted to look at the effect that schemas have on memory. He had his participants read â€Å"The War of the Ghosts†. the 1st participant read the original story, and then wrote it on paper.Then a 2nd participant, reads whats been written by the 1st participant. Then the 2nd reproduces it on paper for the 3rd participant and so on. In repeated reproduction, the same participant reproduces the story 6 or 7 times. Bartlett found that as the reproductions went on, the stories became shorter and that certain details had been left out or changed. These changes were in an effort to make the story more compre hend-able from within the participants experiences and cultural backgrounds. For example the word canoes became boats, and hunting seals became fishing. Your brain also fills in blanks based on ones existing schemas.Your memory is processed into three main stages; which are encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is when u put the memory into your mind. Storage is maintaining it in your mind. Retrieval is using what you saved in your mind. Cohen (1993) criticized schema theory, saying that the concept of schemas is too vague to be useful. However, many researchers use schema theory to explain cognitive processing. Anderson and Pichert did an experiment to investigate if schema processing influences both encoding and retrieval. The results showed schema processing influenced both.

The Truth About Famous Black Inventors

Quite a few of our  readers have written asking me to clear up some facts about African American inventors in a sort of mythbuster manner.  Much of the  discussion has centered around who was the first person to invent a comb, elevator, cell phone, etc. African American Patents When an inventor files for a patent, the application form does not require a person to state his/her race. Thus little was known about early African American inventors. So librarians from one of the Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries decided to compile a database of patents granted to black inventors by researching patent applications and other records. These compilations include Henry Bakers Patents by Negroes [1834-1900]. Baker was a second assistant patent examiner at the USPTO who was dedicated to uncovering and publicizing the contributions of Black inventors. The database listed the inventors name followed by the patent number(s), which is the unique number assigned to an invention when a patent is issued, the date the patent was issued and the title of the invention. However, the database was misunderstood as readers falsely assumed that the title of the invention meant that the inventor had invented the first comb, elevator, cell phone and such. In the case of Henry Sampson, readers even misunderstood the title of gamma cell to mean Sampson had invented the first cell phone. Black Myth or Black Fact? This has led to writers publishing misleading articles that assume that every invention mentioned in the database would not have been invented if black people did not exist. Even worse are other writers who have written counterpoint articles that falsely give the impression that black inventors have not achieved great things. Understand that titles are required by USPTO law to be as short and specific as possible. Nobody entitles their patent applications The First Comb Invented or The 1,403th Comb Invented. You have to read the rest of the patent to find out what new improvements that the inventor is claiming. And nearly all patents are for improvements to pre-existing items. Did you know that Thomas Edison, who was not the first person to invent a lightbulb, invented over fifty different lightbulbs? Misleading the Public? Not one of the black inventors lied in their patent applications or stated that  they had invented something totally new when it was merely an improvement. However, I have read articles that imply that these inventors have done something terrible. For example, take my article on John Lee Love. Nowhere do I state that John Lee Love invented the very first pencil sharpener, but the tone is favorable and shows the respect I have for Love as an inventor. Another website uses a headline that read Pencil Sharpener - John Lee Love in 1897? No! This harsh tone puts the inventors achievements in a negative light. However, these were still real inventors who received real patents at a time when it was rare and difficult for a person of color to do so. Why Recognizing Back Inventors  Is Important My database list of African American patent holders holds historical value far beyond winning the first race. It has led to research that answered many important questions. Questions such as: Who were the first African Americans to receive a U.S. patents?What were African American inventors inventing during the 19th and early 20th centuries?Did early black inventors profit from their inventions?What are contemporary African American scientists and inventors achieving today? About Henry Baker I believe wholeheartedly that inventors make the best people. And while I will continue to maintain the historical aspects of the database and update the database with current inventors, what we know about early African American innovators comes mostly from the work of Henry Baker. He was an assistant patent examiner at the U.S. Patent Office (USPTO) who thankfully was dedicated to uncovering and publicizing the contributions of Black inventors. Around 1900, the Patent Office conducted a survey to gather information about black inventors and their inventions. Letters were sent to patent attorneys, company presidents, newspaper editors and prominent African-Americans.  Baker recorded the replies and followed-up on leads. Bakers research also provided the information used to select black inventions exhibited at the Cotton Centennial in New Orleans, the Worlds Fair in Chicago and the Southern Exposition in Atlanta. By the time of his death, Baker had compiled four massive volumes.